Phoenix, Arizona Phoenix, Arizona City of Phoenix Images, from top, left to right: Papago Park at sunset, Saint Mary's Basilica, Chase Tower, Phoenix horizon at evening, Arizona Science Center, Rosson House, the light rail, a saguaro cactus, and the Mc - Dowell Mountains Images, from top, left to right: Papago Park at sunset, Saint Mary's Basilica, Chase Tower, Phoenix horizon at evening, Arizona Science Center, Rosson House, the light rail, a saguaro cactus, and the Mc - Dowell Mountains Flag of Phoenix, Arizona Flag Official seal of Phoenix, Arizona Phoenix, Arizona is positioned in Arizona Phoenix, Arizona - Phoenix, Arizona Body Phoenix City Council Major airport Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport PHX (Major/International) Phoenix (/ fi n ks/) is the capital and most crowded city of the U.S.
With 1,563,025 citizens (as of 2015), Phoenix is the sixth most crowded city nationwide, the most crowded state capital in the United States, and the only state capital with a populace of more than one million residents. Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix urbane area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, which in turn is a part of the Salt River Valley.
The urbane region is the 12th biggest by populace in the United States, with approximately 4.3 million citizens as of 2010. In addition, Phoenix is the seat of Maricopa County and, at 517.9 square miles (1,341 km2), it is the biggest city in the state, more than twice the size of Tucson and one of the biggest cities in the United States. Settled in 1867 as an agricultural improve near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers, Phoenix incorporated as a town/city in 1881.
Located in the northeastern reaches of the Sonoran Desert, Phoenix has a subtropical desert climate.
Even with this, its canal fitness led to a grow farming community, many of the initial crops remaining meaningful parts of the Phoenix economy for decades, such as alfalfa, cotton, citrus, and hay (which was meaningful for the cattle industry). In fact, the "Five C's" (Cotton, Cattle, Citrus, Climate, and Copper), remained the driving forces of Phoenix's economy until after World War II, when high-tech industries began to move into the valley and air conditioning made residences much more comfortable in the very hot summers. The town/city averaged a four percent annual populace growth rate over a 40-year reconstructionfrom the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s. This expansion rate slowed amid the Great Recession of 2007 09, and has rebounded slowly. Phoenix is the cultural center of the Valley of the Sun, as well as the entire state. See also: History of Phoenix, Arizona and Timeline of Phoenix, Arizona The Phoenix region became part of the New Mexico Territory. In 1863 the quarrying town of Wickenburg was the first to be established in what is now Maricopa County, to the northwest of undivided Phoenix.
In later years, other close-by settlements would form and merge to turn into the town/city of Tempe, but this improve was incorporated after Phoenix.
The homestead of "Lord" Darrell Duppa, an Englishman who is credited with naming Phoenix and Tempe as well as beginning the town of New River.
The history of the town/city of Phoenix begins with Jack Swilling, a Confederate veteran of the Civil War.
The Board of Supervisors in Yavapai County, which at the time encompassed Phoenix, officially recognized the new town on May 4, 1868, and the first postal service was established the following month, with Swilling as the postmaster. On February 12, 1871, the territorial council created Maricopa County, the sixth one formed in the Arizona Territory, by dividing Yavapai County.
The Territorial Legislature passed "The Phoenix Charter Bill", incorporating Phoenix and providing for a mayor-council government, which became official on February 25, 1881 when it was signed by Governor John C.
Fremont, officially incorporating Phoenix as a town/city with an approximate populace of 2,500. In the 1880s, the arrival of the barns in the Valley was the first of a several key affairs that altered the economy of Phoenix.
Phoenix became a trade center, with its products reaching easterly and markets.
In response, the Phoenix Chamber of Commerce was organized on November 4, 1888. Earlier in 1888 the town/city offices were moved into the new City Hall, at Washington and Central. When the territorial capital was moved from Prescott to Phoenix in 1889, the temporary territorial offices were also positioned in City Hall. With the arrival of the Santa Fe, Prescott and Phoenix Railroad in 1895, Phoenix was connected to Prescott, Flagstaff and other communities in the northern part of the territory.
The year 1895 also saw the establishment of Phoenix Union High School, with an enrollment of 90. On February 25, 1901, Governor Murphy dedicated the permanent Capitol building, and the Carnegie Free Library opened seven years later, on February 18, 1908, dedicated by Benjamin Fowler. The National Reclamation Act was signed by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1902, which allowed for dams to be assembled on waterways in the west for reclamation purposes. The first dam constructed under the act, Salt River Dam #1, began in 1903.
The former town/city flag of Phoenix, adopted in November 1921.
On February 14, 1912, Phoenix became a state capital, as Arizona was admitted to the Union as the 48th state under President William Howard Taft. This occurred just six months after Taft had vetoed a joint congressional resolution granting statehood to Arizona, due to his disapproval of the state constitution's position regarding the recall of judges. In 1913, Phoenix adopted a new form of government, changing from a mayor-council fitness to council-manager, making it one of the first metros/cities in the United States with this form of town/city government.
After statehood, Phoenix's expansion started to accelerate, and eight years later, its populace had reached 29,053.
Photo of the horizon of downtown Phoenix about 1940 The humorist Will Rogers, who was also on hand as a guest speaker joked, "If that was my lake, I'd mow it." Phoenix's populace had more than doubled amid the 1920s, and now stood at 48,118. It was also amid the 1930s that Phoenix and its encircling area began to be called "The Valley of the Sun", which was an advertising slogan invented to boost tourism. During World War II, Phoenix's economy shifted to that of a distribution center, transforming into an "embryonic industrialized city" with the mass manufacturing of military supplies. There were three air force fields in the area: Luke Field, Williams Field, and Falcon Field, as well as two large pilot training camps, Thunderbird Field No.
Learning of this large untapped workforce pool enticed many large industries to move their operations to the area. In 1948 high-tech industry, which would turn into a staple of the state's economy, appeared in Phoenix when Motorola chose Phoenix for the site of its new research and evolution center for military electronics.
By 1950, over 105,000 citizens resided in the town/city and thousands more in encircling communities. The 1950s expansion was spurred on by advances in air conditioning, which allowed both homes and businesses to offset the extreme heat experienced in Phoenix and the encircling areas amid its long summers.
There was more new assembly in Phoenix in 1959 alone than amid the reconstructionof more than thirty years from 1914 to 1946. Like many emerging American metros/cities at the time, Phoenix's spectacular expansion did not occur evenly.
The continued rapid populace growth led more businesses to the valley to take favor of the workforce pool, and manufacturing, especially in the electronics sector, continued to grow. The convention and tourism industries saw rapid expansion amid the 1960s, with tourism becoming the third biggest industry by the end of the decade. In 1960 the Phoenix Corporate Center opened; at the time it was the tallest building in Arizona, topping off at 341 feet. The 1960s saw many other buildings constructed as the town/city period rapidly, including the Rosenzweig Center (1964), today called Phoenix City Square, the landmark Phoenix Financial Center (1964), as well as many of Phoenix's residentiary high-rises.
In 1965 the Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum was opened at the Arizona State Fairgrounds, west of downtown.
When Phoenix was awarded a NBA charter in 1968, which would be called the Phoenix Suns, they played their home games at the Coliseum until 1992, after which they moved to America West Arena. In 1968, the Central Arizona Project was allowed by President Lyndon B.
Johnson, assuring future water supplies for Phoenix, Tucson, and the agricultural corridor in between. The following year, Pope Paul VI created the Diocese of Phoenix on December 2, by splitting the Archdiocese of Tucson, with Edward A.
By the end of the decade, Phoenix adopted the Phoenix Concept 2000 plan which split the town/city into urban villages, each with its own village core where greater height and density was permitted, further shaping the free-market evolution culture.
This officially turned Phoenix into a town/city of many nodes, which would later be connected by freeways.
The Phoenix Symphony Hall opened in 1972; other primary structures which saw assembly downtown amid this decade were the First National Bank Plaza, the Valley Center (the tallest building in the state of Arizona) and the Arizona Bank building.
On September 25, 1981, Phoenix resident Sandra Day O'Connor broke the gender barrier on the U.S.
Downtown Phoenix, lit up at evening Phoenix has maintained a expansion streak in recent years, burgeoning by 24.2% before 2007.
This made it the second-fastest-growing urbane region in the United States, surpassed only by Las Vegas. In 2008, Squaw Peak, the second tallest mountain in the city, was retitled Piestewa Peak after Army Specialist Lori Ann Piestewa, an Arizonan and the first Native American woman to die in combat while serving in the U.S.
Military, as well as being the first American female casualty of the 2003 Iraq War. 2008 also saw Phoenix as one of the metros/cities hardest hit by the subprime mortgage crisis, and by early 2009 the median home price was $150,000, down from its $262,000 peak in 2007. Crime rates in Phoenix have gone down in recent years, and once troubled, decaying neighborhoods such as South Mountain, Alhambra, and Maryvale have recovered and stabilized.
Recently, downtown Phoenix and the central core have experienced renewed interest and growth, resulting in various restaurants, stores, and businesses opening or relocating to central Phoenix. A photo taken from space of the Phoenix Area Landsat 7 satellite image of the Phoenix metro region in 2002 Phoenix is in the southwestern United States, in the south-central portion of Arizona; about halfway between Tucson to the southeast and Flagstaff to the north.
A photo showing the horizon of Phoenix, looking north.
Northern skyline, downtown Phoenix, Sunnyslope Mountain clearly visible in background Other than the mountain peaks in and around the city, the topography of Phoenix is generally flat, allowing the city's chief streets to run on a precise grid with wide, open-spaced roadways.
On the outskirts of Phoenix are large fields of irrigated cropland and Native American reservation lands. The Salt River runs westward through the town/city of Phoenix, but the riverbed is often dry or contains little water due to large irrigation diversions.
Even though it is the sixth most populated city, the large region gives it a low density rate of approximately 2,797 citizens per square mile. In comparison, Philadelphia, the fifth most crowded city, has a density of over 11,000. As with most of Arizona, Phoenix does not observe daylight saving time.
See also: List of tallest buildings in Phoenix aerial view of the Phoenix skyline, showing the tall buildings of downtown Phoenix to the left of the photo, mountain peaks in the background, the flatness of the rest of the city, with Sky Harbor airport The Phoenix horizon at evening from South Mountain.
The Phoenix horizon at evening from South Mountain tall buildings of downtown Phoenix, with the mountain peaks to the north in the background, centering on Camelback mountain.
Downtown Phoenix horizon looking northeast toward Camelback Mountain a graphic representation showing how Phoenix is broken up into 15 urban villages Map of the urban villages of Phoenix a photo of the reds and oranges of a sunset over the horizon of Phoenix, as seen from Papago park.
Phoenix sunset from Papago Park 2010 Since 1979, the City of Phoenix has been divided into urban villages, many of which are based upon historically momentous neighborhoods and communities that have since been took in into Phoenix. Each village has a planning committee that is appointed directly by the town/city council.
According to the village planning handbook issued by the city, the purpose of the village planning committees is to "work with the city's planning commission to ensure a balance of housing and employment in each village, concentrate evolution at identified village cores, and to promote the unique character and identity of the villages." There are 15 urban villages: Ahwatukee Foothills, Alhambra, Camelback East, Central City, Deer Valley, Desert View, Encanto, Estralla, Laveen, Maryvale, North Gateway, North Mountain, Paradise Valley, Rio Vista, and South Mountain.
Although the urban village is part of Phoenix, the town is autonomous.
In addition to the above urban villages, Phoenix has a range of generally referred-to regions and districts, such as Downtown, Midtown, Uptown, West Phoenix, North Phoenix, South Phoenix, Biltmore, Arcadia, and Sunnyslope.
Phoenix has a subtropical desert climate (Koppen climate classification BWh), typical of the Sonoran Desert.
Phoenix has long, extremely hot summers and short, mild to warm winters.
Measuring 3,872 hours of bright sunlight annually, Phoenix receives the most sunlight of any primary city on Earth. Average high temperatures in summer are the hottest of any primary city in the United States. On average, there are 107 days annually with a high of at least 100 F (38 C) including most days from late May through early October.
Unlike most desert locations which undergo drastic fluctuations between day and eveningtime temperatures, Phoenix's diurnal temperature variation is limited by the urban heat island effect.
On July 15, 2003, Phoenix set its record for the warmest daily low temperature, at 96 F (36 C). photo of a dust storm, called a haboob, sweeping in over the town/city of phoenix The town/city averages approximately 300 days of sunshine, or over 85% of daylight hours per year, and receives scant rainfall the average annual total at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport being 8.03 in (204 mm).
On September 8, 2014, the town/city of Phoenix recorded its single highest rainfall total by the National Weather Service with 3.30 in (84 mm) breaking a 75-year-old previous record of 2.91 in (74 mm), set back on September 4, 1939. The September 2014 storm was created from the remnants of Hurricane Norbert which had moved up from the Gulf of California and flooded the city's primary interstates and low-lying roadways, stranding hundreds of motorists. On average, dew points range from 26.0 F ( 3 C) in December to 62 F (17 C) in August. Generally speaking, the annual minimum temperature in Phoenix is in the mid-to-low 30s.
It rarely drops to 32 F (0 C) or below, having done so in only seven of the years between 1995 2015 on a total of sixteen days. However, outlying portions of the greater Phoenix urbane region incessantly see frost in the winter.
The earliest freeze on record occurred on November 4, 1956, and the latest occurred on March 31, 1987. The all-time lowest recorded temperature in Phoenix was 16 F ( 9 C) on January 7, 1913, while the coldest daily high temperature ever recorded was 36 F (2 C) on December 10, 1898.
The longest continuous stretch without a day of frost in Phoenix was over 5 years, from November 23, 1979, to January 31, 1985. Snow is a very rare occurrence for the town/city of Phoenix.
Climate data for Phoenix Int'l, Arizona (1981 2010 normals, extremes 1895 present) While some of the native flora and fauna of the Sonoran Desert can be found inside Phoenix town/city limits, most are found in the suburbs and the undeveloped desert areas encircling the city.
Phoenix and the encircling areas are also home to a wide range of native invertebrates including the Arizona bark scorpion, enormous desert hairy scorpion, Arizona blond tarantula, Sonoran Desert centipede, tarantula hawk wasp, camel spider, and tailless whip scorpion.
The Arizona Upland subdivision of the Sonoran Desert (of which Phoenix is a part) has "the most structurally diverse flora in the United States." Many non-native plants also thrive in Phoenix including, but not limited to, the date palm, Mexican fan palm, pineapple palm, Afghan pine, Canary Island pine, Mexican fencepost cactus, cardon cactus, acacia, eucalyptus, aloe, bougainvillea, oleander, lantana, bottlebrush, olive, citrus, and red bird of paradise.
The greater Phoenix region is home to the only grow feral populace of rosy-faced lovebirds in the U.S.
Feral birds were first observed living outdoors in 1987, probably escaped or released pets, and by 2010 the Greater Phoenix populace had grown to about 950 birds.
Phoenix is the sixth most crowded city in the United States as stated to the 2010 United States Census, with a populace of 1,445,632, making it the most crowded state capital in the United States. Phoenix's ranking as the sixth most crowded city was a drop from the number five position it had held since the U.
Those statistics used data from 2006, which showed Phoenix's populace at 1,512,986, which put it just ahead of Philadelphia. After dominant the country in populace growth for over a decade, the sub-prime mortgage crisis, followed by the recession, led to a slowing in the expansion of Phoenix.
There were approximately 77,000 citizens added to the populace of the Phoenix urbane region in 2009, which was down decidedly from its peak in 2006 of 162,000. Even with this slowing, Phoenix's populace interval by 9.4% since the 2000 census (a total of 124,000 citizens ), while the entire Phoenix urbane region interval by 28.9% amid the same period.
This compares with an overall expansion rate nationally amid the same time frame of 9.7%. Not since 1940 50, when the town/city had a populace of 107,000, had the town/city gained less than 124,000 in a decade.
Phoenix's recent expansion rate of 9.4% from the 2010 census is the first time it has recorded a expansion rate under 24% in a census decade. The Phoenix Metropolitan Travel Destination (MSA) (officially known as the Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale MSA), is one of 10 MSAs in Arizona, and was the 14th biggest in the United States, with a total populace of 4,192,887 as of the 2010 Census.
Consisting of parts of both Pinal and Maricopa counties, the MSA accounts for 65.5% of the total populace of the state of Arizona. Phoenix only contributed 13% to the total expansion rate of the MSA, down decidedly from its 33% share amid the before decade. Phoenix is also part of the Arizona Sun Corridor megaregion (MR), which is the 10th most crowded of the 11 MRs, and the 8th biggest by area.
Photo taken from an airplane showing the tall buildings of downtown Phoenix, with the mountain peaks which surround the town/city in the background.
Downtown Phoenix from an aircraft , 2011 98.5% of Phoenix's populace lives in homeholds with an average homehold size of 2.77 citizens .
Phoenix has 590,149 housing units, with an occupancy rate of 87.2%.
According to the 2010 Census, the ethnic breakdown of Phoenix was as follows: Map of ethnic distribution in Phoenix, 2010 U.S.
Phoenix's populace has historically been dominantly white.
Main article: Economy of Phoenix A cotton field outside Phoenix low angle shot of undivided all glass office building in downtown Phoenix.
Central Avenue in downtown Phoenix The early economy of Phoenix was concentrated primarily on agriculture and natural resources, dependent on the "5 - Cs" of copper, cattle, climate, cotton, and citrus. With the establishment of the Southern Pacific rail line in 1926, the opening of the Union Station in 1923, and the creation of Sky Harbor airport by the end of the decade, the town/city became more easily accessible. The Great Depression affected Phoenix, but Phoenix had a diverse economy and by 1934 the recovery was underway. At the conclusion of World War II, the valley's economy surged, as many men who had undergone their military training at the various bases in and around Phoenix returned with their families.
As the nationwide financial crisis of 2007 10 began, assembly in Phoenix collapsed and housing prices plunged. Arizona jobs declined by 11.8% from peak to trough; in 2007 Phoenix had 1,918,100 working individuals, by 2010 that number had shrunk by 226,500 to 1,691,600. By the end of 2015, the employment number in Phoenix had risen to 1.97 million, finally regaining its pre-recession levels, with job expansion occurring athwart the board. In Phoenix, real estate developers face several constraints when planning and developing new projects.
Phoenix is presently home to four Fortune 500 companies: electronics corporation Avnet, quarrying business Freeport-Mc - Mo - Ran, retailer Pet - Smart, and waste hauler Republic Services. Honeywell's Aerospace division is headquartered in Phoenix, and the valley hosts many of their avionics and mechanical facilities. Intel has one of their biggest sites in the area, employing about 12,000 employees, the second biggest Intel locale in the country. The town/city is also home to: the command posts of U-HAUL International; Best Western; and Apollo Group, parent of the University of Phoenix.
US Air/American Airlines is the biggest carrier at Sky Harbor International Airport in Phoenix.
The military has a momentous existence in Phoenix, with Luke Air Force Base positioned in the suburbs.
However, Phoenix has recovered 83% of the jobs lost due to the recession. Orpheum Theater Phoenix The town/city has various performing arts venues, most of which are positioned in and around downtown Phoenix or Scottsdale.
The Phoenix Symphony Hall is home to the Phoenix Symphony Orchestra, the Arizona Opera and Ballet Arizona. The Arizona Opera business also has intimate performances at its new Arizona Opera Center, which opened in March 2013. Another venue is the Orpheum Theatre, which is home to the Phoenix Opera. Ballet Arizona, in addition to the Symphony Hall, also has performances at the Orpheum Theatre as well at the Dorrance Theater.
Concerts can be attended at Talking Stick Resort Arena and Comerica Theatre in downtown Phoenix, Ak-Chin Pavilion in Maryvale, Gila River Arena in Glendale, and Gammage Auditorium in Tempe (the last enhance building designed by Frank Lloyd Wright). Several lesser theaters including Trunk Space, the Mesa Arts Center, the Crescent Ballroom, Celebrity Theatre, and Modified Arts support regular autonomous musical and theater performances.
Music can also be seen in some of the venues usually reserved for sports, such as the Wells Fargo Arena and the University of Phoenix Stadium. Several tv series have been set in Phoenix, including Alice (1976 85), the 2000s paranormal drama Medium, the 1960 61 syndicated crime drama The Brothers Brannagan, and The New Dick Van Dyke Show from 1971 to 1974.
They include the Phoenix Art Museum, Arizona Capitol Museum, Arizona Military Museum, Hall of Flame Firefighting Museum, the Pueblo Grande Museum and Cultural Park, Children's Museum of Phoenix, Arizona Science Center, and the Heard Museum.
Dow, a student of Frank Lloyd Wright, the Phoenix Art Museum was constructed in a single year, opening in November 1959. The Phoenix Art Museum has the southwest's biggest compilation of visual art, including more than 17,000 works of intact and undivided art from around the world. Interactive exhibits can be found in close-by Peoria's Challenger Space Center, where individuals learn about space, renewable energies, and meet astronauts. The downtown Phoenix art scene has advanced in the past decade.
In April 2009, artist Janet Echelman inaugurated her monumental sculpture, Her Secret Is Patience, a civic icon suspended above the new Phoenix Civic Space Park, a two-city-block park in the middle of downtown.
During the day, the 100-foot (30 m)-tall sculpture hovers high above heads, treetops, and buildings, the sculpture creates what the artist calls "shadow drawings", which she says are inspired by Phoenix's cloud shadows.
Most Arizonans look on the work with pride: this unique visual delight will forever mark the town/city of Phoenix just as the Eiffel Tower marks Paris." Frank Lloyd Wright moved to Phoenix in 1937 and assembled his winter home, Taliesin West, and the chief campus for The Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture. Over the years, Phoenix has thriving notable architects who have made it their home and have grown prosperous practices.
Starting with promotions back in the 1920s, the trade has grown into one of the top 10 in the city. Due to its climate, Phoenix and its neighbors have persistently ranked among the nation's top destinations in the number of Five Diamond/Five Star resorts. With more than 62,000 hotel rooms in over 500 hotels and 40 resorts, greater Phoenix sees over 16 million visitors each year, the majority of whom are leisure (as opposed to business) travelers.
Sky Harbor Airport, which serves the Greater Phoenix area, serves about 40 million passengers a year, ranking it among the 10 busiest airports in the nation. One of the biggest attractions of the Phoenix region is golf, with over 200 golf courses. In addition to the sites of interest in the city, there are many attractions near Phoenix, such as: Agua Fria National Monument, Arcosanti, Casa Grande Ruins National Monument, Lost Dutchman State Park, Montezuma's Castle, Montezuma's Well, and Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument.
Phoenix also serves as a central point to many of the sights around the state of Arizona, such as the Grand Canyon, Lake Havasu (where the London Bridge is located), Meteor Crater, the Painted Desert, the Petrified Forest, Tombstone, Kartchner Caverns, Sedona and Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff.
Due to its natural beauty and climate, Phoenix has a plethora of outside attractions and recreational activities.
The Phoenix Zoo is the biggest privately owned, non-profit zoo in the United States.
Since opening in 1962, the zoo has advanced an global reputation for its accomplishments on animal conservation, including breeding and reintroducing endangered species back into the wild. Right next to the zoo, the Phoenix Botanical Gardens were opened in 1939, and are acclaimed around the world for their exhibits and educational programs, featuring the biggest compilation of dry plants in the U.S. South Mountain Park, the biggest municipal park in the U.S., is also the highest desert mountain preserve in the world. Other prominent sites in the town/city are: Japanese Friendship Garden, Historic Heritage Square, Phoenix Mountains Park, Pueblo Grande Museum, Tovrea Castle, Camelback Mountain, Hole in the Rock, Mystery Castle, St.
There is long list of annual affairs in and near Phoenix which jubilate the tradition of the city, as well as its range.
Some of those are: the Scottsdale Arabian Horse Show, the biggest horse show in the world; Matsuri, a celebration of Japanese culture; Pueblo Grande Indian Market, an event highlighting Native American arts and crafts; Grand Menorah Lighting, an annual December event celebrating Hanukah; Zoo - Lights, an annual December evening event at the Phoenix Zoo, featuring millions of lights; the Arizona State Fair, begun in 1884, an annual fair; Scottish Gathering & Highland Games, an annual event celebrating Scottish heritage; Estrella War, an annual event celebrating medieval life; Tohono O'odham Nation Rodeo & Fair, Oldest Indian rodeo in Arizona; and the Chinese Week & Culture & Cuisine Festival, an annual celebration of Chinese culture. Today, Phoenix is also famous for its Mexican food, thanks to both its large Hispanic populace and its adjacency to Mexico.
Some of Phoenix's restaurants have a long history.
The Stockyards steakhouse dates to 1947, while Monti's La Casa Vieja (Spanish for "The Old House") was in operation as a restaurant since the 1890s, but closed its doors November 17, 2014. Macayo's (a Mexican restaurant chain) was established in Phoenix in 1946, and other primary Mexican restaurants include Garcia's (1956) and Manuel's (1964). The recent populace boom has brought citizens from all over the nation, and to a lesser extent from other countries, and has since influenced the small-town cuisine.
Phoenix presently boasts cuisines from all over the world, such as Korean, barbecue, Cajun/Creole, Greek, Hawaiian, Irish, Japanese, sushi, Italian, fusion, Persian, Indian (South Asian), Spanish, Thai, Chinese, southwestern, Tex-Mex, Vietnamese, Brazilian, and French. The first Mc - Donald's charter was sold by the Mc - Donald brothers to a Phoenix entrepreneur in 1952.
Neil Fox paid $1,000 for the rights to open an establishment based on the Mc - Donald brothers' restaurant. The hamburger stand opened in 1953 on the southwest corner of Central Avenue and Indian School Road, on the burgeoning north side of Phoenix, and was the first locale to sport the now internationally known "golden arches", which were initially twice the height of the building.
Main article: Sports in Phoenix Phoenix is home to a several experienced sports franchises, and is one of only 13 U.S.
Cities to have delegates of all four primary experienced sports leagues, although only one of these squads actually carry the town/city name and two of them play inside the town/city limits. photo showing the semi-circular entrance to the America West Arena in downtown Phoenix, blue sky in background Talking Stick Resort Arena in downtown Phoenix The Phoenix Suns were the first primary sports team in Phoenix, being granted a National Basketball Association (NBA) charter in 1968. They had originally played at the Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum before moving to America West Arena (now Talking Stick Resort Arena) in 1992. The year following their move to the new arena, the Suns made it to the NBA finals for the second time in charter history, losing to Michael Jordan's Chicago Bulls, 4 games to 2. The U.S.
In 1997, the Phoenix Mercury were one of the initial eight squads to launch the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). They also play at Talking Stick Resorts Arena.
Photo of the University of Phoenix Stadium taken from the parking lot, showing the domed stadium against an overcast sky University of Phoenix Stadium on the game day of Super Bowl XLII (February 3, 2008) (after Coors Field in Denver), and is known for its swimming pool beyond the outfield fence. In 2001, the Diamondbacks defeated the New York Yankees 4 games to 3 in the World Series, becoming the city's first experienced sports charter to win a nationwide championship while positioned in Arizona.
Upon their move to Phoenix, the Cardinals originally played their home games at Sun Devil Stadium on the ground of Arizona State University in close-by Tempe.
In 2006 they moved to the newly constructed University of Phoenix Stadium in suburban Glendale. Since moving to Phoenix, the Cardinals have made one championship appearance, Super Bowl XLIII in 2009, where they lost 27 23 to the Pittsburgh Steelers. The University of Phoenix Stadium hosted Super Bowl XLII in 2008, and Super Bowl XLIX in 2015. They originally played their home games at America West Arena in downtown Phoenix before moving in December 2003 to the Jobing.com Arena (now titled the Gila River Arena) in Glendale. Professional squads in the Phoenix region Arizona Cardinals Football NFL University of Phoenix Stadium 2* Phoenix Suns Basketball NBA Talking Stick Resort Arena 0 Phoenix Mercury Basketball WNBA Talking Stick Resort Arena 3 Phoenix Rising FC Soccer USL Phoenix Rising FC Soccer Complex 0 The Phoenix region hosts two annual college football bowl games: the Fiesta Bowl, played at University of Phoenix Stadium, and the Motel 6 Cactus Bowl, which is held at Sun Devil Stadium (though Chase Field has substituted as host while ASU's football stadium undergoes renovations). Phoenix has an indoor football team, the Arizona Rattlers of the Indoor Football League.
The Greater Phoenix region is home to the Cactus League, one of two spring training leagues for Major League Baseball.
With the move by the Colorado Rockies and the Arizona Diamondbacks to their new facility in the Salt River Indian Community, the league is entirely based in the Greater Phoenix area.
The Phoenix International Raceway was assembled in 1964 with a one-mile (1.6 km) oval, with a one-of-a-kind design, as well as a 2.5-mile (4.0 km) road course. It presently hosts a several NASCAR affairs per season, and the annual Fall NASCAR weekend, which includes affairs from four different NASCAR classes, is a huge event. After thirty years of hosting various affairs, especially NHRA drag racing affairs, Firebird International Raceway (FIR) closed operations in 2013, but the NHRA re-opened the venue to NHRA affairs in 2014 under the new name, "Wild Horse Pass Motorsports Park". The town/city is also host to a several major experienced golf affairs, including the LPGA's Founder's Cup and, since 1932, The Phoenix Open of the PGA. The Phoenix Marathon is a new addition to the city's sports scene, and is a qualifier for the Boston Marathon. The Rock 'n' Roll Marathon series has held an event in Phoenix every January since 2004. a view of the craggy tops of two small mountain peaks in the Phoenix Mountain preserve, with the town/city of Phoenix in the background.
Midtown Phoenix is visible to the left in this view from the Phoenix Mountain Preserve, December 2010.
Phoenix is home to a large number of parks and recreation areas.
The town/city of Phoenix includes nationwide parks, county (Maricopa County) parks and town/city parks.
Tonto National Forest forms part of the northeast boundary of the city, while the county has the biggest park fitness in the country. The town/city park fitness was established to preserve the desert landscape in areas that would otherwise have succumbed to evolution and includes South Mountain Park, the world's biggest municipal park with 16,500 acres (67 km2). The town/city park fitness has 182 parks which contain over 41,900 acres (16,956 ha), making it the biggest municipal park fitness in the country. The park fitness has facilities for hiking, camping, swimming, horseback riding, cycling, and climbing. Some of the other notable parks in the fitness are Camelback Mountain, Encanto Park (another large urban park) and Sunnyslope Mountain, also known as "S" Mountain. Papago Park in east Phoenix is home to both the Desert Botanical Garden and the Phoenix Zoo, in addition to a several golf courses and the Hole-in-the-Rock geological formation.
The Phoenix Zoo is the biggest privately owned non-profit zoo in the United States and is internationally known for its programs devoted to saving endangered species. See also: List of mayors of Phoenix, Arizona frontal view of the Arizona State Capitol, in winter, framed by the bare limbs of trees, showing the Arizona granite of the building topped by a copper dome In 1913, Phoenix adopted a new form of government, switching from the mayor-council fitness to the council-manager system, making it one of the first metros/cities in the United States with this form of town/city government, where a town/city manager supervises all town/city departments and executes the policies adopted by the Council. Today, Phoenix represents the biggest municipal government of this type in the country. While the mayor is propel in a citywide election, Phoenix City Council members are propel by votes only in the districts they represent, with both the Mayor and the Council members serving four-year terms. The current mayor of Phoenix is Greg Stanton, a Democrat who was propel in 2011, and re-elected in 2015. The mayor and town/city council members each have equal voting power in regards to setting town/city policy and passing rules and regulations. The city's website was given a "Sunny Award" by Sunshine Review for its transparency accomplishments. photos showing the short obelisk signage showing City Hall, and topped with the seal of the city, a stylized maroon phoenix.
Phoenix City Hall, showing the city's logo, the phoenix bird As the capital of Arizona, Phoenix homes the state legislature, along with various state government agencies, many of which are positioned in the State Capitol precinct immediately west of downtown.
The Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections operates the Adobe Mountain and Black Canyon Schools in Phoenix. Another primary state government facility is the Arizona State Hospital, directed by the Arizona Department of Health Services.
This is a mental community center which is the only medical facility run by the state government. The command posts of various Arizona state government agencies are in Phoenix, with many positioned in the State Capitol district.
The Federal Bureau of Prisons operates the Federal Correctional Institution (FCI) Phoenix which is inside the town/city limits, near its northern boundary. Main article: Crime in Phoenix By the 1960s crime was becoming a momentous lured in Phoenix, and by the 1970s crime continued to increase in the town/city at a faster rate than almost anywhere else in the country. It was amid this time frame when an incident occurred in Phoenix which would have nationwide implications.
With Phoenix's rapid growth, one of the prime areas of criminal activeness was territory fraud.
The practice became so widespread that newspapers would refer to Phoenix as the Tainted Desert. These territory frauds led to one of the more continuing murders in the history of the valley, when Arizona Republic writer Don Bolles was murdered by a car bomb in 1976. It was believed that his investigative reporting on organized crime and territory fraud in Phoenix made him a target. Bolles was the only reporter from a primary U.S.
Street gangs and the drug trade had turned into enhance safety issues by the 1980s, and the crime rate in Phoenix continued to grow. After seeing a peak in the early and mid-1990s, the town/city has seen a general decline in crime rates.
In 2001 and 2002 Phoenix ranked first in the country in vehicle thefts, with over 22,000 and 25,000 cars stolen each year in the order given. It has declined every year since then, stood at 7200 in 2014, a drop of almost 70% amid that timeframe. The Phoenix MSA has dropped to 70th in the country in terms of car thefts in 2012. In the late 2000s, Phoenix earned the title "Kidnapping capital of the USA". The majority of the kidnapped are believed to be victims of human smuggling, or related to illegal drug trade, while the kidnappers are believed to be part of Mexican drug cartels. See also: List of school districts in Phoenix, Arizona Public education in the Phoenix region is provided by 33 school districts.
There are 21 elementary school districts, which contain over 215 elementary schools, and they are paired with 4 high school districts, which have a total of 31 high schools serving Phoenix.
Three of the high school districts (Glendale Union, Tempe Union and Tolleson Union) only partially serve Phoenix.
With over 27,000 students, and spread over 220 square miles, The Phoenix Union High School District is one of the biggest high school districts in the country, including 16 schools and nearly 3,000 employees. In addition, there are 4 unified districts, which cover grades K-12, which add an additional 58 elementary schools and 4 high schools to Phoenix's educational system.
Of those four, only the Paradise Valley precinct completely serves Phoenix. Phoenix is also served by an expanding number of charter schools, with well over 100 presently operating in the city. photo of the ground of Arizona State University, taken from a high angle from the top of Tempe Butte, looking down on the ground nestled among the town/city buildings ASU also has campuses in northwest Phoenix (ASU West Campus), downtown Phoenix (ASU Downtown Campus), Mesa (ASU Polytechnic Campus), and Glendale (Thunderbird School of Global Management). ASU is one of the biggest enhance universities in the U.S., with a 2012 student enrollment of 72,254. A branch of the University of Arizona College of Medicine is positioned near ASU's downtown Phoenix campus. There is also a small satellite ground for Northern Arizona University (based in Flagstaff) positioned in Phoenix. Phoenix College, part of the district, was established in 1920 and is the earliest improve college in Arizona and one of the earliest in the country. Notable establishments include: Barrow Neurological Institute, the world's biggest neurological disease treatment and research institution; Grand Canyon University, a private Christian college initially established in 1949 as a non-profit school, it now operates as a for-profit institution; the University of Phoenix is the nation's biggest for-profit college with over 300,000 students at campuses throughout North America, as well as online; and the Arizona Summit Law School, a private, for-profit law school positioned in downtown Phoenix. The first journal in Phoenix was the weekly Salt River Valley Herald, established in 1878, which would change its name the following year to the Phoenix Herald.
The paper would go through a several additional name shifts in its early years before finally settling on the Phoenix Herald, which still exists today in an on-line form. Today, the town/city is served by two primary daily newspapers: The Arizona Republic, which along with its online entity, azcentral.com, serves the greater urbane area; and the East Valley Tribune, which primarily serves the metros/cities of the East Valley. The Jewish News of Greater Phoenix is an autonomous weekly journal established in 1948.
In addition, the town/city is also served by various no-charge neighborhood papers and alternative weeklies such as the Phoenix New Times, and Arizona State University's The State Press. The Phoenix metro region is served by many small-town tv stations and is the biggest designated market region (DMA) in the Southwest, and the 12th biggest in the U.S., with over 1.8 million homes (1.6% of the total U.S.). The primary network tv affiliates are KNXV 15 (ABC), KPHO 5 (CBS), KPNX 12 (NBC), KSAZ 10 (Fox), KASW 61 (The CW), KUTP 45 (My - Network - TV), and KAET 8 (PBS, directed by Arizona State University).
From the opening sequences in Psycho, to the evening attack by the aliens in 1953's The War of the Worlds, to freeway scenes in Little Miss Sunshine, Phoenix has been the locale for various primary feature films.
Other notable pictures filmed at least partially in Phoenix include Raising Arizona, A Home at the End of the World, Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, Days of Thunder, The Gauntlet, The Grifters, Waiting to Exhale and Bus Stop. Phoenix is served by Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (IATA: PHX, ICAO: KPHX), one of the ten busiest airports in the United States, serving over 110,000 citizens on over 1000 flights per day. The airport is centrally positioned in the metro region near a several major freeway interchanges east of downtown Phoenix.
Smaller airports that primarily handle private and corporate jets include Phoenix Deer Valley Airport, positioned in the Deer Valley precinct of north Phoenix, and Scottsdale Airport, positioned just east of the Phoenix/Scottsdale border.
There are also other municipal airports including Glendale Municipal Airport, Falcon Field Airport in Mesa, and Phoenix Goodyear Airport.
Amtrak served Phoenix Union Station until 1996 when the Union Pacific Railroad (UP) threatened to abandon the route between Yuma, Arizona and Phoenix. Amtrak rerouted trains to Maricopa, 30 miles (48 km) south of downtown Phoenix, where passengers can board the Texas Eagle (Los Angeles-San Antonio-Chicago) and Sunset Limited (Los Angeles-New Orleans). Although UP ultimately retained the trackage, Amtrak did not return, although the station remains.
Amtrak Thruway buses connect Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport to Flagstaff for connection with the Los Angeles-Chicago Southwest Chief. Phoenix is also served by Greyhound bus service, which stops at 24th Street near the airport. Valley Metro's 20-mile (32 km) light rail project, called Valley Metro Rail, through north-central Phoenix, downtown, and eastward through Tempe and Mesa, opened December 27, 2008.
Main article: Roads and freeways in urbane Phoenix Phoenix auto traffic depends on both freeways and surface streets.
Phoenix rates first in the country in the character of its urban freeways, and the state as a whole rates first in the country in the character of bridges. While being the sixth most crowded city in the nation, Phoenix's freeways do not suffer from the same type of congestion seen in other large cities.
In fact, in a recent study, there is not a single stretch of freeway in Phoenix ranked in the 100 worst freeways for either congestion or unreliability. photo showing the multiple levels of roadways at the interchange between Interstates ten and seventeen, called "the stack" in downtown Phoenix at evening.
Part of the reason for this is the extensive freeway fitness in the city, due to the majority of that fitness being funded by local, clean water federal funds, through a half-cent general revenue tax measure allowed by voters in 1985. Another offshoot of this small-town funding is that Phoenix is the biggest city in the United States to have two Interstate Highways but no three-digit interstates. As of 2005, the urbane region of Phoenix contains one of the nation's biggest and quickest burgeoning freeway systems, consisting of over 1,405 lane miles (2,261 lane km). The freeway fitness is a mix of Interstate, U.S., and State highways which include Interstate 10, Interstate 17, US 60, Loop 101, Loop 202, SR 51, SR 143, and Loop 303.
There are still primary additions to routes 101, 202 and 303 underway, as well as a several other lesser projects around the valley. State Routes 87, 85, and 74 connect Phoenix with other areas of the Valley and Arizona. The street fitness in Phoenix (and some of its suburbs) is laid out in a grid system, with most roads oriented either north-south or east-west, and the zero point of the grid being the intersection of Central Avenue and Washington Street. The one notable exception to this is the diagonal Grand Avenue, which runs northwest-southeast.
The Maricopa Association of Governments has a bicycle advisory committee working to advancement conditions for bicycling on town/city streets and off-road paths. Bicycling Magazine ranked Phoenix the 15th most bicycle friendly town/city of 50 metros/cities in the United States with a populace greater than 100,000. Being positioned in the desert, Phoenix relies on a waterworks bringed to the town/city via a fitness of canals which divert water from the region's rivers and lakes, with the biggest portion of the city's water coming from the Colorado River through the Central Arizona Project's canal. The city's electrical needs are served primarily by Arizona Public Service, although some customers receive their electricity from the Salt River Project (SRP).
In 2011 (the last year for which knowledge is available), Phoenix had a slightly younger populace than the nation as a whole.
While the United States had 13.3% of its populace over the age of 65, Phoenix's percentage stood decidedly lower, at 8.1%.
Phoenix's percentage of 18.8% in the next age group, 45 64 was also a great deal lower than the nationwide average of 26.6%.
This results in 73% of Phoenix's populace being 44 or younger, as compared to the nationwide percentage of 60. In 2010 (the last year for nationally reported figures), Phoenix was at or below nationwide levels for most reportable diseases, with the exception of both hepatitis A and B, where they were slightly over the nationwide average (0.8 and 1.8 to 0.5 and 1.1%, in the order given). In most primary categories, Phoenix had a lower incidence of death than the rest of the nation.
However, in a several major categories, Phoenix had decidedly lower indices of death: deaths by cancer stood at only 57% (106) of the nationwide average of 184.6 deaths per 100,000; deaths due to heart disease, 56.1% of the nationwide rate of 249.8 per 100,000. Cancer and heart disease were the two top causes of death in the country. The Phoenix urbane region is serviced by 56 hospitals and medical centers. The Mayo Clinic, a not-for-profit medical practice and medical research group based in Rochester, Minnesota.
Phoenix is one of two other locations with Mayo Clinics (the other being Jacksonville, Florida). It is the first and biggest integrated not-for-profit medical group practice in the world; Mayo Clinic has been near or at the top of the U.S.
News Best Hospitals in 4 adult specialties. Phoenix Children's Hospital in Phoenix, AZ is nationally ranked in 5 pediatric specialties as stated to U.S.
It is a 425-bed children's teaching hospital. Arizona Heart Institute, opened in 1971, is known internationally as one of the first freestanding outpatient clinics dedicated exclusively to cardiovascular health. Banner Health is a non-profit community system in the United States, based in Phoenix.
The community system is the 2nd biggest employer in Arizona, behind Walmart, employing more than 35,000. Banner Health was created in 1999 through a consolidation of Lutheran Health Systems, based in North Dakota, and Samaritan Health System, based in Phoenix.
Main article: List of citizens from Phoenix photo of signpost with ten signs pointing in the direction of Phoenix's sister cities, stating their names and distances from Phoenix.
Sign showing Phoenix's sister metros/cities With the creation of the Phoenix Sister Cities (PSC) organization in 1972, Phoenix became a member of the global Sister City movement.
It would take the organization a several years to turn into official, not filing for Articles of Incorporation until 1975, and not entering into their first Sister City agreement until 1976, with Hermosillo, Mexico. The organization's mission statement states their purpose is to "create citizens -to-people relationships between the inhabitants of Phoenix and its sister metros/cities through commercial, educational, cultural and creative exchange programs and affairs that problematic and sustain global, long-term, global partnerships and company opportunities for the people of Phoenix." Currently, Phoenix has ten sister cities, as designated by the Phoenix Sister Cities Commission and Sister Cities International, shown in the table below. Phoenix and Prague have shared a Capital Cities relationship since May 1991, which was period to Sister City Status in 2013. List of historic properties in Phoenix, Arizona List of tallest buildings in Phoenix People from Phoenix, Arizona However, as the official Phoenix climatology station was changed to PHX in October 1953, those records are not considered official.
Official records for Phoenix kept at downtown August 1895 to September 1953, and at Sky Harbor Int'l since October 1953.
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